ATP |
Advanced Technology Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology |
BTU |
British Thermal Unit |
Building ventilation |
System of electric fans and ductwork for air circulation |
Capillary |
Glass tubes with extremely small (micron-scale) diameters and precisely engineered curvature along longitudinal axis |
Capnometry |
Direct measurement of the maximum expired CO2 concentration during patient respiratory cycle |
Cavity-ring down spectroscopy |
Highly sensitive technique for measuring very low levels of contaminant concentrations |
Chip |
Small piece of semiconducting material with embedded integrated circuit |
| Collimating |
Making parallel beams, such as in parallel X-rays |
| Colorimetric |
Detectors using chemically treated paper that changes color when exposed to agents, such as CO2 in respired gases |
| CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
CRDS |
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy |
Critical angle |
Angle at which X-rays are reflected from the inside surface of a capillary tube rather than refracted through the surface |
Desaturation |
Blood oxygen levels dropping below critical levels, potentially leading to brain damage and other fatal complications |
Detector |
Instrument for the sensing of elements and compounds, without the capability of measuring concentrations |
| DOE |
U.S. Department of Energy |
| Elemental analysis |
Accurate measurement to characterize chemical elements in a sample under investigation |
| Endotracheal intubation |
Placement of a breathing tube into a patient's trachea |
| Esophagal intubation |
Incorrect placement of breathing tube into a patient's esophagus |
| EPA |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
| ETI |
Endotracheal intubation |
| HVAC |
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (system) |
| Hydro-treatment |
Petroleum refining process that uses hydrogen and catalysts,
under high pressure, to capture and extract sulfur molecules in
the form of hydrogen sulfide |
| IMOS |
Integration of miniaturized micro-optical systems |
| Intubation |
Inserting a breathing tube into a patient’s esophagus |
| IOI |
Ion Optics, Inc., recipient of ATP cost-share |
| IR |
Infrared |
| IMOS |
Integrated micro-optical systems |
| Kwh |
Kilowatt hour |
| Mechanical ventilation |
Placing patient into a mechanical breathing apparatus to remedy lung damage from misintubation |
| Metrology |
Science of measurement |
| MEMS |
Micro-electromechanical system |
| Micro-bolometer |
Instrument for detecting and measuring small levels of radiation
(e.g., visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation) |
| NDIR |
Nondispersive infrared absorption spectroscopy |
| NIST |
National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| NSF |
U.S. National Science Foundation |
| OEM |
Original equipment manufacturer |
| OIT |
Office of Industrial Technologies, U.S. Department of Energy |
| OMB |
U.S. Office of Management and Budget |
| OMEV |
Optical maximum entropy verification |
| ppb |
Parts per billion |
| ppm |
Parts per million |
| Photonic crystal |
Artificially engineered material with a lattice structure (lattice of
holes) that repeats itself at regular intervals within a dielectric;
photonic crystals can have a photonic bandgap (defined below) |
| Photonic bandgap |
In periodic dielectric structures or photonic crystals, the
propagation of electromagnetic waves is blocked over a certain
frequency range |
| Photonics |
Integrates technical advances in electronics and optics to generate
and control photons (electromagnetic radiation) and use photons
to carry information |
| Sensor |
Device that detects and measures a signal or physical condition |
| Sensor engine |
Integrated sensor system, including laser source, X-ray optics,
detectors, and read-out electronics for detection of trace amounts
of contaminants in industrial processes |
| SOC |
Sensor on a chip |
| Spectroscopy |
Study of electromagnetic spectrum, used in physical and
analytical chemistry for the accurate identification of substances |
| Surface plasmon |
Quantum name of an electron density wave |
| Therm |
100,000 BTUs |
| Transmix |
Limited mixing of adjacent batches at the interface between
different petroleum products moving through distribution
pipelines; specifically, transmix are off-spec products that require
reprocessing or downgrading |
| ULSD |
Ultra-low sulfur diesel with less than 15 ppm sulfur content |
| VAV |
Variable air volume HVAC system |
| Wafer |
Thin, circular slice of single-crystal semiconductor materials used
in manufacturing of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits |
| Wheatstone bridge |
Instrument used to measure unknown electrical resistance |
| XRD |
X-ray diffraction |
| XRF |
X-ray fluorescence |
| XOS |
X-Ray Optical Systems, Inc., recipient of ATP cost-share |
| Yield |
Ratio of functionally working devices to the total number of
devices produced |
