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ATC Workshop Papers
From Cell to Production
Technical Challenges of Cloning Pigs for BioMedical
Research
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Mammals
SATACs and Transgenesis
Concerns About Gene Transfer and Nuclear Transfer
in Domestic Animals
Prospects and Hurdles in Optimizing the Vascular
Support of Engineered Tissues
ES Cells Make Neurons in a Dish
Nuclear Transfer and Gene Targeting in Domestic
Animals: Bioreactors of the Future
Application of Nuclear Transfer Technology
in the Generation of Pigs for Xenetransplantation
Genomics: Delivering Cell Culture Systems
for Tissue Therapy
Nuclear Transfer Technology
Gene Targeting in Domestic Species: Challenges
and Opportunities
Homologous Recombination and Genetic Engineering
of Transgenic Recombinant Animals
Nuclear Transplantation in the Cow: Future
Challenges
Enhancing Transgenics through Cloning
Human Germline Engineering -- The Prospects
for Commercial Development
Mammalian Artificial Chromosomes for Animal
Transgenesis
Understanding Developmental Abnormalities
in Offspring Produced by Nuclear Transplantation
Role of Cell Cycle
Cloning and Other Reproductive Technologies
for Application in Transgenics
Cell Culturing Technology as a Major Hurdle
in the Commercialization of Genetically Altered Animals
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| ADVANCED TRANSGENESIS AND
CLONING: Genetic Manipulation in Animals
Electronic Workshop Presentation: Paper
No. 17
ES CELLS OFFER IS A POWERFUL TOOL
FOR UNDERSTANDING THE GENETIC CONTROL OF TISSUE DEVELOPMENT AND
FOR SCREENING POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUGS
Participants:
The drug development industry is undergoing
dramatic changes. Genomics and combinatorial chemistry technologies
have revolutionized how we study the underlying causes of disease,
and have given us new tools to identify and develop novel disease
therapies. These new tools have dramatically increased the number
of potential disease targets and drug candidates. The increase in
capacity and efficiency in these areas is widely believed to be
the source for the novel discoveries that will continued to drive
the economic growth of the pharmaceutical industry. Unfortunately,
our capacity to "validate" potential disease targets for
drug development, or to test potential drugs for efficacy and toxicity,
has not kept up with this pace. It is these areas that are now significant
bottlenecks.
To take advantage of the rapid technology advancement, we need
to develop better higher throughput assays for evaluating gene function
and drug effects in the context of complex tissue development, i.e.
in vitro assays that better represent the complex biology of the
human body. ES cells offer the potential to have a significant impact
in this area. It is clear that "knock-out" and "knock-in"
technologies employing ES cells will have a significant impact in
many areas including producing animal models of disease, improving
livestock, and may even ultimately contribute to human cell-based
therapies.
We believe that several other groups in this session will address
many aspects of these approaches. Therefore, we would like to draw
attention to the need for improving our understanding of how to
exploit the in vitro differentiation potential of ES cells for both
basic research and for commercial applications in drug development.
There are few mammalian systems that can compete with ES cells in
terms of the breadth of complex tissue development that still retain
the potential to be formatted in high throughput assays. Although
we continue to capitalize on ES cells for their basic research and
commercial potential, we feel that we have just begun to exploit
their full potential. More technology development would have a significant
impact in this area.
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